Reviewed by Dr Paul Zhao, Senior Consultant Ophthalmologist and Vitreoretinal Surgeon, Eagle Eye Centre, Singapore. M.Med (Ophthalmology), FRCS (Ed), FAMS. Vitreoretinal fellowship, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. INFO: This article explains potential risks and complications of vitrectomy in plain language. It is not a substitute for a personalised medical consultation. Vitrectomy is a common retinal operation used to treat problems such as retinal detachment, macular hole, e

Epiretinal Membrane (ERM) Surgery: Understanding the Procedure and Its Implications Epiretinal membrane (ERM), also known as macular pucker, is a condition where a thin layer of fibrous tissue forms on the macular surface, often causing blurred or distorted central vision. The following information is for educational purposes only and is based on published medical literature. It is not a substitute for personalised medical advice. Understanding Epiretinal Membranes What is an

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represents a significant cause of vision impairment among the elderly population worldwide. This progressive retinal disorder primarily affects the macula, the central portion of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. The condition manifests through a gradual decline in central vision, which can severely impact daily activities such as reading, driving, and recognising faces. Given the complexity of this condition and its imp